Monday, April 20, 2009

Bible online

Kepada yang berminat nak baca bible pun boleh, apa salahnya. Jangan takut pada ilmu, cuma mereka yang berada dalam kejahilan dan malas berfikir sahaja akan takut pada ilmu. Saya telah terdedah kepada bible sejak kecil lagi, sebab dikampung saya, 99 % adalah Kristian, cuma emak, saya dan kakak saya sahaja yang Islam. Saya selalu melihat gambar "Yesus" disalib dan sekitarnya ada beberapa tengkorak manusia. Sepupu saya kata, itulah Tuhan. Saya tidak tahu apa-apa pada masa itu. Emak saya pula tidak dapat mengajar saya mengenai Islam, sebab emak saya 'buta huruf', cuma emak selalu sembahyang 5 kali sehari semalam. Setiap kali azan diradio, saya akan berlari naik rumah dan duduk 'konon' nak sembahyang. Berbalik kepada cerita kitab Injil ini, saya mempunyai kecenderungan ingin tahu pada sesuatu. Saya suka membaca buku agama di perpustakaan dan pada masa yang sama, saya juga telah membaca terjemahan Al-quran. Kemudiannya, saya ke Kota Kinabalu, mencari kitab Injil. Saya masuk kedai jual Kitab tersebut, dimana tertulis larangan untuk orang Islam memasuki kedai itu, Saya apa peduli, muka sayapun orang 'bilang' macam bukan 'Islam' (sebenarnya istilah ini salah, muka saya sebenarnya bukan macam Melayu, itu yang benar), saya masuk dan beli, pada masa itu, saya masih bersekolah di tingkatan 3 (kalau tak silap), dan sejak dari itu, saya sekali sekala akan membaca kitab Injil dan pada masa yang sama, saya amat meminati buku-buku tuliasan Syeikh Ahmad Deedat. Pembacaan saya tidaklah menjadikan saya masuk Kristian, malah saya semakin percaya kepada kitab saya iaitu Al-Quran. Sebab itulah saya hairan dengan pelbagai larangan itu dan ini, dan terbaru isu penggunaan kalimah "Allah", kononnya takut orang akan keliru. Mungkin betul juga akan keliru, tetapi sampai bila kita harus melakukan tindakan supaya 'orang-orang yang mudah keliru' ini, akan terus dilindungi supaya tidak akan keliru. Zaman ini, ialah zaman dunia tanpa sempadan, tidak seharusnya kita melaksanakan sesuatu yang menghalang manusia dari mencari sesuatu.  Apapun bacalah kitab orang lain, setelah membaca kitab sendiri, orait, OK bah kalau kau..:

Thursday, April 16, 2009

Drugs in concentrations

Drugs in concentrations

When a substance is dissolved in a liquid it forms a solution. The volume of a solution is expressed in litres or millilitres. 1litre = 1000mls.

The substance dissolved is known as the solute. The amount of solute in a solution is expressed as a concentration. The amount of solute may be described by its mass (grams or milligrams per litre) or by its amount (moles per litre or millimoles per litre).

If the solute has a known chemical formula eg. salt (NaCl), then it is preferable to use mol/l or mmol/l. If the solute does not have a defined chemical composition (such as a protein), then mg/l or g/l is used.

Some solutions such as local anaesthetics and thiopentone that are used in anaesthesia on a daily basis are expressed as a percentage eg. lignocaine 2% and thiopentone 2.5%. When using drugs prepared in this way it is necessary to calculate the number of mg in ml of solution. This is easiest done by multiplying the percentage of the solution by 10:

  • 2% lignocaine x 10 = 20mg/ml
  • 0.5% bupivacaine x 10 = 5mg/ml
  • 2.5% thiopentone x 10 = 25 mg/ml

The maths behind this calculation is as follows:

  • A 2.5% solution means that there is 2.5g of thiopentone in 100ml:
    2.5g in 100ml
    = 2500mg in 100ml
    = 25mg in 1 ml (25mg/ml)

Some solutions such as adrenaline (epinephrine) may be expressed as 1:1000 or 1:10 000 or 1:100 000. This means that in a 1:1000 adrenaline ampoule there is one part adrenaline to 1000 parts solution. To work out how many milligrams of adrenaline are present:

  • 1:1000 solution adrenaline
    = 1g adrenaline in 1000ml solution
    = 1000mg adrenaline per 1000ml solution
    = 1mg per ml
  • 1:10 000 solution adrenaline
    = 1g adrenaline in 10 000ml solution
    = 1000mg per 10 000ml
    = 1mg per 10ml which can also be expressed as 100mcg per ml [Top]

Thursday, April 09, 2009

When Three Old Men Bring Wisdom To Your Doorstep

A woman living in downtown Ontario, Canada came out of her houseand saw 3 old men with long white beards sitting in her front yard.
She did not recognize them.
She said “I don’t think I know you, but you must be hungry. Pleasecome in and have something to eat.”
“Is the man of the house home?” they asked.
“No”, she replied. “He’s out.”
“Then we cannot come in”, they replied.
In the evening when her husband came home, she told him what hadhappened.
“Go tell them I am home and invite them in!”
The woman went out and invited the men in.
“We do not go into a house together,” they replied.
“Why is that?” she asked.
One of the old men explained: “His name is Wealth,” he saidpointing to one of his friends, and said pointing to another one,“He is Success, and I am Love.” Then he added, “Now go in anddiscuss with your husband which one of us you want in your home.”
The woman went in and told her husband what was said.
Her husband was overjoyed. “How nice!!” he said. “Since that’s thecase, let’s invite Wealth. Let him come and fill our home withwealth!”
His wife disagreed. “My dear, why don’t we invite Success?”
Their daughter was listening from the other corner of the house.She jumped in with her own suggestion: “Would it not be better toinvite Love? Our home will then be filled with love!”
“Let us heed our daughter’s advice,” said the husband to his wife.
“Go out and invite Love to be our guest.”
The woman went out and asked the 3 old men, “Which one of you isLove? Please come in and be our guest.”
Love got up and started walking toward the house. The other 2 alsogot up and followed him. Surprised, the lady asked Wealth andSuccess: “I only invited Love, why are you coming in?”
The old men replied together: “If you had invited Wealth orSuccess, the other two of us would’ve stayed out, but since youinvited Love, wherever he goes, we go with him. Wherever there isLove, there is also Wealth and Success!“
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